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Japanese Encephalitis
Japanese encephalitis is a viral disease which can cause severe inflammation of the brain. Most infections are asymptomatic, but among those who develop a clinical illness, the case-fatality rate can be as high as 30%.
In endemic areas, children are at greatest risk of infection; however, multiple factors such as occupation, recreational exposure, sex, previous vaccination, and naturally acquired immunity alter the potential for infection and illness. A higher case-fatality rate is reported in the elderly.
The virus is transmitted primarily by mosquito bites. The species of virus most common in China and areas of Asia is known as culex tritaeniorhyncus. This species feeds outdoors beginning at dusk until dawn. The larvae are found in flooded rice fields, marshes, and small collections of water.
Affected Areas:
Principal areas where this species is found include rural, agricultural
locations. Areas of Asia including China, Japan, Korea, and eastern areas
of Russia are the most affected.
Symptoms:
There are several symptoms that may indicate Japanese encephalitis. They
include:
- Headache
- High fever
- Disorientation
- Possible convulsions
- Coma
- Paralysis
Treatment and Prevention:
There is no specific treatment for the disease but there are preventative
measures that can be taken. Since the virus is spread primarily through
mosquito bites, one obvious method would be the use of DEET based bug
repellant or a mosquito net, both of which are available though the Order
Form page. There is a vaccine available but it is only recommended
for people who plan to live in areas where the disease is endemic or epidemic.
It is also recommended if a traveler is planning a trip to rural or farming areas. Any trips of less than 30 days, especially visiting major urban
areas, are at a lower risk.
The types of diseases vary with each destination. After browsing through this site you may also call or email Travel Health Help for more detailed information: 1-888-621-3952
